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1996-03-30
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Document 1061
DOCN M9651061
TI The risks of occupational exposure and infection by human
immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in the
dialysis setting. Italian Multicenter Study on Nosocomial and
Occupational Risk of Infections in Dialysis.
DT 9505
AU Petrosillo N; Puro V; Jagger J; Ippolito G; Centro di Riferimento AIDS,
Ospedale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro; Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
SO Am J Infect Control. 1995 Oct;23(5):278-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96126294
AB BACKGROUND: The dialysis setting has been recognized as a high-risk
environment for transmission to both patients and health care personnel
of blood-borne infections, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus,
and HIV. METHODS: A seroprevalence survey of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and
hepatitis C virus infection among 1002 patients and a subsequent 1-year
surveillance study of percutaneous injuries and skin and mucous membrane
contaminations were carried out among 527 health care workers in nine
Italian dialysis units. The risks of occupational acquisition of HIV,
hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among health care
workers were calculated according to a deterministic model. RESULTS: HIV
antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis C antibody
prevalences among patients were 0.1%, 5.1%, and 39.4%, respectively. A
total of 67 percutaneous injuries, 29 mucous membrane contaminations,
and 271 skin contaminations were reported by health care workers. The
risk of acquiring infection was calculated to be 4000 and 8000 times
lower for HIV than for hepatitis B and C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The
risks of infection with HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C for health
care workers at dialysis units differ greatly and depend on the
demographic profile and medical history of patients undergoing dialysis.
To minimize the risk of exposure to HIV and other blood-borne pathogens,
efforts must continue to increase compliance with universal precautions.
Needle designs incorporating safety features and improvements in
dialysis equipment design are also needed to avoid potential exposure.
DE Blood-Borne Pathogens Confidence Intervals *Disease Transmission,
Patient-to-Professional *Hemodialysis Units, Hospital Hepatitis
B/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION Hepatitis B Antibodies/ANALYSIS Hepatitis
C/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION Hepatitis C Antibodies/ANALYSIS Human
HIV Antibodies/ANALYSIS HIV Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION
Immunoenzyme Techniques Incidence Italy/EPIDEMIOLOGY Occupational
Exposure/*STATISTICS & NUMER DATA Odds Ratio *Personnel, Hospital
Prevalence Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Methods Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't JOURNAL ARTICLE MULTICENTER STUDY
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).